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Nuclear weapons can be delivered by short range and medium range missiles, rockets, aircraft, submarines and by artillery. There effects of these weapons vary on their size and intended use. There are even tactical nukes, that would have sub-kiloton warheads for specifically targeting an area, where as there are also m
NBC SURVIVAL SKILLS: (nuclear, biological, and chemical)
NUCLEAR
Nuclear weapons can be delivered by short range and medium range missiles, rockets, aircraft, submarines and by artillery. There effects of these weapons vary on their size and intended use. There are even tactical nukes, that would have sub-kiloton warheads for specifically targeting an area, where as there are also multi-megaton weapons with which effect a very large area.
NUCLEAR EFFECTS
There are some different types of effects that occur when a nuclear weapon is detonated. Some of these effects, like fallout last for days and even months after the explosion. The main effects will be those that occur within 1 minute after detonation. These are BLAST, THERMAL RADIATION, INITIAL NUCLEAR RADIATION AND RESIDUAL RADIATION. These are
described as the following
G BLAST- is a high pressure wave that develops and moves outward from the detonation.
This is the cause of most of the damage and destruction accompanied with nuclear detonation.
The blast is considered the primary killer.
G THERMAL RADIATION- this is radiation that is produced from the heat and light of the blast.
This radiation burns the skin and can blind your eyes from the light.
This radiation is felt at great distances from ground zero.
This radiation also assist with the overall destruction by catching things on fire.
G INITIAL NUCLEAR RADIATION- this is radiation emitted within the first minute of the detonation.
This radiation contains neutrons and gamma rays.
They travel large distances away from ground zero to effect personnel.
These rays are penetrating and they damage tissue and blood forming cells.
G RESIDUAL RADIATION- this is radiation that last after the first minute of the detonation and is mainly classified as fallout.
Fallout is particles of earth that were vaporized and combined with radioactive material during the detonation.
These particles get tossed into the air and are carried by the winds.
They then fall back to the earth contaminating the ground and supplies.
NUCLEAR DEFENSE
Shelter from the blast and radiation are the primary concerns for survival during a nuclear attack. The earth remains the best form of protection from these detonations. One should dig in, if there is a warning given prior to an attack. Whether it is a well constructed fox hole or a cave in the side of a mountain, these should provide you with adequate protection. Take time to make bomb shelters if necessary, that are well stocked with supplies and constructed well.
If you find yourself caught in the open, you should do the following
1. immediately drop flat on the ground, face down, facing away from the fireball 2. close your eyes 3. protect exposed hands or skin by laying on them 4. remain down until the blast wave has passed and debris has stopped falling 5. stay calm and check yourself for injuries FALL OUT PROTECTION- following a detonation, you should try to filter the air that you breath with a gas mask or cloth over your mouth to lesson the indigestion of radioactive particles. You should also take the clothes that you are wearing and thoroughly shake and brush them off. Periodically comb dust out of your hair and keep your finger nails clean. Also wipe all of your exposed skin with a damp cloth to clean them off. Remember to keep all food and drink supplies covered and protected from fall out as you can get contaminated from exposed supplies. AVOID GOING OUTSIDE FOLLOWING A BLAST, REMAIN IN DOORS
FOR AS LONG AS POSSIBLE!
FOR MORE COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION ABOUT NUCLEAR PROTECTION CHECK
OUT THIS SITE
NUKE INFO
MORE ABOUT NUCLEAR PROTECTION
FROM THE ARMY
CLICK HERE
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
Biological agents are micro organisms and toxins that are used by militaries to cause disease in personnel, animals, and plants. The objective of these agents is to reduce the ability to fight. This is done by killing or incapacitating troops or by contaminating food and water supplies. Some of these agents are fungi, bacteria, viruses, and toxins. These agents are made up of living organisms so their dissemination must be able to keep the organism alive. This is generally done with the use of an aerosol dispenser or by the use of disease carrying insects like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Some common forms of bio agents are ANTHRAX, TYPHOID, INFLUENZA, and BUBONIC
PLAGUE.
PROTECTION
A gas mask and protective clothing can prevent some initial exposure to biological agents. Since bio weapons kill with diseases, some preventive measures can be accomplished with
the following
1. immunization 2. quarantines of contaminated areas 3. rodent and pest control measures 4. proper first aid for cuts and wounds 5. using uncontaminated sources of food and drink 6. maintain good personal hygiene 7. avoid practices that leave you in a "run-down" condition
INDICATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL WEAPON USE
USE THE FOLLOWING AS A GUIDE OF WHAT TO LOOK FOR
LOW-FLYING AIR CRAFT, THAT APPEAR TO BE PRODUCING MIST OR SPRAYING
SOMETHING
THE FUNCTIONING OF ANY TYPE OF SPRAY DEVICE
WATCH FOR MUNITIONS THAT DON'T HAVE IMMEDIATE EFFECTS WHEN
DETONATED OR ON IMPACT
LOOK FOR STRANGE TYPES OF MUNITIONS THAT ARE LEFT IN THE OPEN
WATCH FOR HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF INSECTS APPEARING SUDDENLY
AFTER AIRCRAFT DROPPED CONTAINERS, LIKE MOSQUITOES
NOTICE AN INCREASE IN SICK OR DEAD ANIMALS IN THE AREA
MORE ABOUT BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION
FROM THE ARMY
CLICK HERE
WELCOME TO OUR DISCUSSION OF NBC SURVIVAL SKILLS. FIRST TAKE A LOOK AT
THIS CHART THAT CONTAINS MOST OF THE CURRENT "CHEMICALS" USED MY
MILITARIES
CHEMICAL CHART
CHEMICAL
ODOR
RATE OF ACTION INJURIES
PROTECTION
PHOSGENE
(CG)
NEW MOWN
HAY, GREEN
CORN
IMMEDIATE TO 3
HRS DEPENDING
ON
CONCENTRATION
DAMAGES
AND FLOODS
THE LUNGS
GAS MASK
DIPHOSGENE
(DP)
NEW MOWN
HAY, GREEN
CORN
IMMEDIATE TO 3
HRS DEPENDING
ON
CONCENTRATION
DAMAGES
AND FLOODS
THE LUNGS
GAS MASK
SARINE (GB)
ALMOST
NONE, WHEN
PURE
VERY RAPID
CESSATION
OF BREATH
AND DEATH
MAY FOLLOW
GAS MASK
AND
CLOTHING
SOMAN (GD)
FRUITY,
CAMPHOR
ODOR WHEN
PURE
VERY RAPID
CESSATION
OF BREATH
AND DEATH
MAY FOLLOW
GAS MASK
AND
CLOTHING
VX
ODORLESS
RAPID
PRODUCES
CASUALTIES
WHEN
INHALED OR
ABSORBED
GAS MASK
AND
CLOTHING
HYDROGEN
CYANIDE
(AC)
BITTER
ALMONDS
VERY RAPID
INTERFERES
WITH USE OF
OXYGEN BY
TISSUES,
INCREASED
BREATHING
RATE
GAS MASK
AND
CLOTHING
CYANOGEN
CHLORIDE
(CK)
SOMEWHAT
LIKE ABOVE,
BUT CAN GO
UN-NOTICED
UNKNOWN
CHOKES,
IRRITATES,
CAUSES
SLOW
BREATHING
GAS MASK
DISTILLED
MUSTARD
(MD)
GARLIC
DELAYED-
HOURS TO DAYS
BLISTERS,
DESTROYS
TISSUES,
INJURES
BLOOD
VESSELS
GAS MASK
AND
CLOTHING
NITROGEN
MUSTARD
(HN)
FISHY OR
MUSTY
DELAYED-12
HOURS OR
LONGER
BLISTERS,
AFFECTS
RESPIRATORY
TRACT
DESTROYS
TISSUES
GAS MASK
AND
CLOTHING
PHOSGENE
OXIME (CX)
SHARP,
PENETRATING
IMMEDIATE
EFFECTS ON
CONTACT
VIOLENTLY
IRRITATES
MUCOUS
MEMBRANE
OF EYES AND
NOSE
GAS MASK
AND
CLOTHING
LEWISITE (L)
VARIABLE,
MAY
RESEMBLE
GERANIUMS
RAPID
SYSTEMATIC
POISONING
GAS MASK
AND
CLOTHING
MUSTARD/
LEWISITE
MIX (HL)
GARLIC LIKE
PROMPT
STINGING,
DELAYED
BLISTERING (13
HOURS)
SYSTEMATIC
POISONING
PLUS
MUSTARD
EFFECTS
ABOVE
GAS MASK
AND
CLOTHING
CS GAS (CS)
PEPPER
INSTANTANEOUS HIGHLY
IRRITATING,
BUT NON-
TOXIC
GAS MASK
AND
CLOTHING
CHEMICAL AGENTS
Chemical agents are used primarily to kill, injure , or incapacitate personnel. They can be classified by their action and effects. Each of the chemicals effects on an individual depend on the doses received. The more you are exposed to the more severe the effect is.
TYPES OF CHEMICAL AGENTS
G NERVE AGENT- acts on the nervous system, interferes with breathing, cause convulsions, paralysis and death. These agents are highly toxic in liquid or vapor form. They can be inhaled or absorbed through the skin, causing similar effects. Some symptoms are: runny nose, tightness of chest, difficult breathing, excessive sweating, nausea, vomiting, dimness of vision, pinpointing of the pupils of the eyes, and convulsions. The vapors are easily absorbed by the eyes and tissues in the nose and throat. The liquid easily penetrates the skin also. Most of these agents are quick acting when inhaled, having an onset of 1 to 2 minutes. however, absorption through the skin
does take longer to effect.
G BLISTER AGENT- these agents affect the eyes, lungs, and skin.
They will blister and burn any part of the body that they come in contact with.
Some of these agents are painful, while others are not.
In liquid form, they may appear to be colorless or dark brown and oily looking.
In its vapor form, you should be able to see it.
G BLOOD AGENT- these agents are lethal in that they interfere with the exchange of oxygen in the blood with body tissues.
Most of the time these agents are in vapor form.
The only warning signs are the onset of headaches, vertigo and nausea.
G CHOKING AGENTS- these agents primarily attack the lungs, causing the lungs to flood with fluid.
These agents are easily detected by their smell and initial irritancy.
The victim drowns in his own body fluids or suffocates.
These agents produce the following symptoms: coughing, choking, tightness in chest, nausea, headache, and watering of the eyes.
PROTECTION
Now that you see what type of chemical weapons there are, you should try to take measures to protect yourself. Unfortunately most of the public in general is not well prepared at all. In fact even the emergency services are just now implementing training about how to deal with these types of emergencies. Refer to the following as some protective measures to
take
PURCHASE A GOOD QUALITY GAS MASK THAT USES NATO STANDARD
FILTERS. USUALLY OLD SURPLUS MASK CAN PROVIDE "SOME" PROTECTION,
BUT A NEW ONE IS BETTER. DON'T FORGET THE FAMILY EITHER, THERE ARE
MASK FOR EVERYONE SOME ARE EXPENSIVE WHILE MOST ARE FAIRLY
PRICED.
IMPLEMENT A PLAN OF ACTION LIKE HAVING THE MASK IN ONE LOCATION
THAT EVERYONE CAN GET TO. THE MASK IS ONLY AS GOOD AS THE FILTER IS,
SO KEEP PLENTY OF NEW SEALED FILTERS AROUND
YOU MAY WANT TO PURCHASE A MILITARY SURPLUS CHEMICAL SUIT, TO
PROTECT YOU FROM MUSTARD AGENTS AND THOSE THAT CAN BE ABSORBED
BY YOUR SKIN. THERE ARE PERMEABLE AND IMPERMEABLE ONES AVAILABLE
AT LOW SURPLUS PRICES. THERE ARE ALSO NEW COMMERCIAL SELF
CONTAINED SUITS AS WELL.
IN THE EVENT OF GETTING A WARNING PRIOR TO AN ATTACK, TRY TO WATCH
FOR OR PLOT THE PATH OF THE CHEMICAL GAS CLOUD. THIS CAN BE DONE BY
WATCHING THE NEWS AND LISTENING TO A WEATHER RADIO.
DON'T FORGET ABOUT GLOVES AND FOOT COVERS
STAY IN DOORS SEAL ALL OPENINGS, AROUND DOORS, WINDOWS EXT..............
THESE ARE MILITARY MARKERS USED TO IDENTIFY AREAS THAT ARE
CONTAMINATED, EFFECTED, OR DANGEROUS
GAS- YELLOW COLOR WARNING TRIANGLE, WITH RED LETTERS
THAT SAY "GAS", FOR CHEMICAL AREAS BIO- BLUE COLOR
WARNING TRIANGLE, WITH RED LETTERS THAT SAY "BIO", FOR
BIOLOGICAL AREAS ATOM- WHITE WARNING TRIANGLE WITH
BLACK LETTERS THAT SAY "ATOM", FOR RADIOACTIVE AREAS
GAS MINES- RED WARNING TRIANGLE WITH YELLOW STRIPE,
WITH WORDS THAT SAY "GAS MINES", FOR MINE FIELDS
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