continuous glucose monitor, 236 , 37
Dario Blood Glucose Monitoring System, 356
Diabetes Complications Severity Index, 233
fasting plasma glucose test, 233 , 34
glucometer, 236 , 236 (ill.), 237 , 238 , 39
glucose level, 327 , 28
glycated hemoglobin (A1c)
test, 234 , 35
Internet tools, 240
ketones, 239
lancet, 237 (ill.), 237 , 38
needleless, 328
new, 326 , 27
oral glucose-tolerance test, 234
random plasma glucose test, 234
regularity of, 239 , 40
sweat as glucose detector, 327
test strips, 236 , 237
thiamine, 273
thiazolidinediones, 246
Think Like a Pancreas: A Practical Guide to Managing Diabetes with Insulin (Scheiner), 338
thirst, 61 , 62
Thompson, Leonard, 11 , 12 , 13
thyroid, 140 , 42
thyroid hormones, 140
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 140
thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 140
thyroxine (T4), 140
tinnitus, 111
toenails, 134
toothache, 126
touch, 111 , 127
Tour de Cure, 353
trace minerals, 276 , 277 , 278
trained diabetes personnel, 233
trans-fatty acids, 291 , 92
transcatheter aortic valve replacement, 162
traveling
conversion tables for blood glucose monitoring, 226 , 27
cruise lines, 227 , 28 , 228 (ill.)
driving a vehicle, 224 , 25 , 225 (ill.)
eating while, 225 (ill.), 225 , 26
insulin storage, 226
TrialNet, 355
trigger finger, 121 , 121 (ill.)
triglycerides, 173
triiodothyronine (T3), 140
Type 1 Diabetes for People Who Don’t Have It (Powell), 339
type 1 diabetes. See also diabetes; gestational diabetes; prediabetes; type 2 diabetes
antibodies, 50
autoantibodies, 50 , 51
bicarbonate, 57
blood glucose levels, 45 , 46
causes of, 6 , 48 , 51
children with, 20 , 26 , 27 , 27 (ill.), 49
definition, 4
development of, 48
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 54 , 56 , 55 (ill.)
divisions of, 6
early warning signs, 46 , 47 , 47 (ill.)
eating disorder, 311
effects on people, 56
eradication of, 334
ethnic, racial, and cultural groups, 24
exposure to chemicals/drugs, 49
families, 23 , 24
genes, 80
genetics, 332
heredity, 49 , 50 (ill.)
hyperglycemia, 58
hyperosmolar coma, 58
hypertension, 167
hypoglycemia, 57
infants with, 26 , 27
insulin, 51 , 52 , 52 (ill.)
insulin shock, 51
ketones, 52 , 54 , 57 , 263
latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), 47 , 48
middle-aged adults with, 30 , 31
neonatal diabetes mellitus, 81
number of Americans with, 18
nutritional ketosis, 55 , 56
percent of U.S. population with, 17
pH, 57 , 57 (ill.)
polydipsia, 48
rheumatoid arthritis, 119 , 20
risks and complications, 52 , 58
severe hypoglycemia unawareness, 57 , 58
sleep apnea, 100 , 101
smell, 112
taste, 112
virus, 51
women vs. men, 47
type 1.5 diabetes, 49
type 2 diabetes. See also diabetes; gestational diabetes; prediabetes; type 1 diabetes
age of development of, 65 , 66
allergies, 106 , 7
Alzheimer’s disease, 156 , 57
anti-inflammatory diet, 94
average age of diagnosis, 31
bariatric surgery, 209 , 10
beta cells, 67 , 67 (ill.)
blood glucose levels, 99
breastfeeding, 77 (ill.), 77 , 78
carbohydrates, 212 , 13
causes of, 6
children with, 26 , 27 , 27 (ill.)
coffee, 304 , 5 , 306 (ill.)
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), 101 (ill.), 101 , 2
dawn phenomenon, 99
definition, 5
development of, 64 , 64 (ill.)
diagnosis of, 242 , 43
divisions of, 6
eradication of, 334
ethnic, racial, and cultural groups, 24
exercise, 93 , 94
families, 23 , 24
female puberty, 31
fruit drinks, 303
genetics, 332
high blood pressure medication, 168 , 69
high levels of, 21
HIV medications, 96 , 97
insulin, 51 , 52
insulin injections, 71
insulin resistance, 66 , 68 , 67 (ill.)
life expectancy, 32
long-term complications, 71
low-income people, 213
magnesium, 277
medication, 244 , 47
menopausal women, 33
metabolic syndrome, 68 , 70
middle-aged adults with, 31 , 32
muscle-strengthening exercises, 263
obesity, 63 , 64 , 215
osteoarthritis, 120
Parkinson’s disease, 149
polyunsaturated fatty acids, 291
RCAN1 gene, 66
refined grains, 292
reversibility of, 334 , 35
risk factors, 64 , 67 , 68 , 70 , 71
sleep, 97 , 98
sleep apnea, 101
smell, 112
smoking, 104
standard type of person with, 64 , 65
taste, 112
teens with, 28 , 29 , 30 (ill.)
trans-fatty acids, 292
warning signs, 65
young adults with, 28 , 30 , 65 , 66
type 3 diabetes, 87 , 156 , 57
unsaturated fats, 289
urea, 191
ureter, 191
urethra, 191
uric acid, 192 , 93
uric acid diabetes, 88
urinary bladder, 191
urinary system. See also kidneys
drinking water, 185 , 86
frequent urination, 192
parts and functions, 185
urea, 191
ureter, 191
urethra, 191
uric acid, 192 , 93
urinary bladder, 191
urinary tract infection, 193 (ill.), 193 , 94
urine, 191 , 92
urine tests, 192
urinary tract infection, 193 (ill.), 193 , 94
urine, 6 , 9 , 53 , 191 , 92
vaccinations, 218 , 19
Vague, Jean, 203
varicose veins, 163 (ill.), 163 , 64
vegetables, 296 , 97
veins, 161 , 163 (ill.), 163 , 64
vertical-sleeve gastrectomy, 208 , 209 (ill.)
Victoza, 251
villi, 176
vinegar, 282 , 282 (ill.)
virus, 51
vitamin A, 273 , 274
vitamin B 2 , 274 , 75
vitamin B 6 , 273
vitamin B 12 , 273
vitamin C, 273
vitamin D, 126 , 273 , 274
vitamin E, 273 , 274
vitamin K, 273 , 274 , 275
vitamins. See also medication; minerals
aloe vera, 275 , 76
deficiencies, 274 , 75
definition, 272
essential for human health, 272 , 73
fat- vs. water-soluble, 272
supplements, 275
too many, 275
vitamin B 2 deficiency, 274 , 75
vitamin K, 274 , 275
warmer weather, 261 , 62
water, 185 , 86 , 302 , 3
water-soluble vitamins, 272
weather, 8 , 261 , 62
weight gain, 293
weight loss, 61 , 260 , 260 (ill.)
weight-loss surgery, 208 , 10
Wells, H. G., 37
West, Mae, 41
West Nile virus, 221 , 22
What Do I Eat Now?: A Step-by-Step Guide to Eating Right with Type 2 Diabetes (Geil and Ross), 340
White, Priscilla, 75
white blood cells, 170
White Classification of Diabetic Pregnancies, 75 , 76
white fats, 202 , 3
Willis, Thomas, 8 , 9 , 9 (ill.)
Wilson, Woodrow, 12
A Woman’s Guide to Diabetes: A Path to Wellness (Barnes and Strand), 341
women’s health, 204
World Diabetes Day, 352 (ill.), 353
World Diabetes Foundation, 345
X, Y, Z
xylitol, 298
Your Type 2 Action Plan,
zinc, 277 , 279
The Handy Diabetes Answer Book
Front Cover
Title Page
Also from Visible Ink Press
Table of Contents
Photo Sources
Disclaimer
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Introduction to Diabetes
Early Studies of Diabetes
Statistics and Diabetes
Who Gets Diabetes?
Diabetes in Infants and Children
Diabetes in Teens through Young Adults
Diabetes in Middle-Aged Adults
Diabetes in Seniors
Diabetes’ Effects on Animals
Type 1 Diabetes
Blood Glucose Levels
Type 1 (or Type One or Type I) Diabetes
Possible Reasons for Type 1 Diabetes
Insulin and Type 1 Diabetes
Risks and Complications for People with Type 1 Diabetes
Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes
A Propensity toward Type 2 Diabetes
Lowering the Risk of Prediabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Risks of Type 2 Diabetes
Other Types of Diabetes
Gestational and Pregestational Diabetes
Genes and Various Types of Diabetes
Other Lesser-Known Forms of Diabetes
Not Truly Diabetes
Diabetes and Body Connections
Some Human Molecules and Diabetes
The Immune System, Infection, and Inflammation
Diabetes, HIV, and AIDS
Diabetes and Sleep
Diabetes and Smoking
Diabetes and Cancer
Diabetes and Allergies
Diabetes and Inside the Human Body
Inside the Human Body
Diabetes and the Senses: Touch, Hearing, Smell, and Taste
Diabetes and the Eyes
How Diabetes Affects Bones, Joints, Muscles, Teeth, and Skin
Diabetes, Bones, and Joints
Diabetes and Muscles
Diabetes and Teeth
Diabetes and the Skin
Diabetes, Hair, and Nails
How Diabetes Affects the Endocrine System
Endocrine System and Diabetes
Adrenal Glands and Diabetes
Diabetes and the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Diabetes, Hormones, and the Pancreas
How Diabetes Affects the Nervous System
The Nervous System and Diabetes
Diabetes and Neuropathy
The Brain and Diabetes
How Diabetes Affects the Circulatory System
Diabetes and the Heart
Diabetes, Arteries, and Veins
Diabetes and Blood Pressure
Diabetes and Blood
Diabetes, Blood Cholesterol, and Triglycerides
How Diabetes Affects the Digestive System
What Is Digestion?
Diabetes and Fats
Diabetes and the Pancreas, Liver, and Gallbladder
How Diabetes Affects the Urinary System
The Urinary System
Diabetes and the Kidneys
Diabetes and Urine
How Diabetes Affects the Reproductive System
Diabetes, Menstrual Cycle, and Females
Diabetes and Sex
Diabetes and Obesity
Obesity, Fat, and Diabetes
Obesity and Body Mass Index
Studies in Obesity
Obesity Research and Statistics
Coping with Diabetes
Diabetes and Emotional Health
Diabetes and Vaccinations
Enjoying the Outdoors
Diabetes and Traveling
Preparing for Disasters and Emergencies
Diabetes and Blood and Organ Donations
Taking Charge of Diabetes
Who Helps a Person with Diabetes?
Health Care Tests and Diabetes
SelfMonitoring Diabetes with Meters
Diabetes and Medication
Insulin
Monitoring for Hypoglycemia, Hyperglycemia, and Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Animal Help and Diabetes
Diabetes and Exercise
General Exercise and Diabetes
Weather, Exercise, and Diabetes
Blood Glucose and Exercise
Exercise Wear and Diabetes
Diabetes and Nutrition
Nutrition Help for People with Diabetes
Diabetes and Vitamins
Diabetes and Minerals
Diabetes and Food
Major Food Components and Diabetes
What Are Food Exchanges?
Diabetes and Glycemic Numbers
Diabetes and Carbohydrates
Diabetes, Fiber, and Fats
Managing Eating Habits
Sugar, Artificial Sweeteners, and Diabetes
Diabetes and Sodium (Salt)
Diabetes and Beverages
Diabetes and Fasting
Diabetes, Dieting, and Eating Disorders
Shopping for Food and Eating Out
Shopping and Reading Labels
Diabetes, Processed Foods, and Additives
Eating Out
The Future of Diabetes
Health Care and Diabetes
Mitigating Diabetes
New Tests for Diabetes
Future Medicines to Treat Diabetes
New Ways of Treating Diabetes
The Future of Genetics and Diabetes
A Future without Diabetes?
Resources, Websites, and Apps